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Purpose:To investigate and classify the ophthalmic artery(OA) flow patterns in patients with occlusive carotid artery disease(OCAD) .Methods:Forty-three patients(52 eyes) with documented OCAD of 70% underwent orbital color Doppler imaging.The eyes were first divided into four groups by peak systolic velocity in OA(PSVOA) :group A,PSVOA≤ 0;group B,0< PSVOA≤ 10;group C,10< PSVOA ≤ 40;and group D,PSVOA >40 cm/s,then further classified by the shape of the OA flow wave.The groups were then compared with respect to the collateral pathway(Co-Path) ,severity of the OCAD,and systemic diseases.Results:Eyes with unidirectional reverse flow(group A1) had a Co-Path from the ipsilateral external carotid artery and 70%-100% OCAD.Eyes with bidirectional reverse flow(group A2) had no Co-Path,75% OCAD,and impending ischemic heart disease(IHD) .Group B eyes had dome-shaped OA flow waves with no Co-Path and 99%-88% OCAD.Group C1 eyes,with normal flow waves,had a Co-Path from the contralateral internal carotid artery and 100% OCAD.Group C2 eyes,with triangular-shaped flow waves,had no Co-Path,93%-70% OCAD,and IHD.Group D eyes had normal high flow waves with no Co-Path,75% OCAD,and hypertension.Conclusions:The OA flow patterns were variously affected by collateral pathway,severity of OCAD,and systemic diseases.
Methods: To investigate and classify the ophthalmic artery (OA) flow patterns in patients with occlusive carotid artery disease (OCAD). Methods: Forty-three patients (52 eyes) with documented OCAD of 70% underwent orbital color Doppler imaging. group B, 0 40 cm / s , then further classified by the shape of the OA flow wave. The groups were then compared with respect to the collateral pathway (Co-Path), severity of the OCAD, and systemic diseases.Results: Eyes with unidirectional reverse flow (group A1) had a Co-Path from the ipsilateral external carotid artery and 70% -100% OCAD. Eyes with bidirectional reverse flow (group A2) had no Co-Path, 75% OCAD, and impending ischemic heart disease (IHD) had dome-shaped OA flow waves with no Co-Path and 99% -88% OCAD. Group C1 eyes, with normal flow waves, had a Co-Path from the contratern intern al carotid artery and 100% OCAD. Group C2 eyes with triangular-shaped flow waves, had no Co-Path, 93% -70% OCAD, and IHD. Group D eyes had normal high flow waves with no Co-Path, 75 % OCAD, and hypertension. Conclusions: The OA flow patterns were variously affected by collateral pathway, severity of OCAD, and systemic diseases.