一自一八四○年鸦片战争以来的一百七十馀年中国近现代史,可谓历经曲折。中国与西方的遭遇,触发的是中国社会“三千年未有之变局”(李鸿章),所谓“观今日之世变,盖自秦以来,未有若斯之亟也”(严复)。留在我们记忆里的,仿佛只是失败、割地、赔款,以及在不平等条约上签字。国土的沦丧,生灵的涂炭,极大地震撼了这个古老、庞大而又极度虚弱的国度,在击 The seventy-odd years of modern Chinese history since the Opium War of 1840 can be described as twists and turns. The encounter between China and the West triggered the Chinese society’s “three thousand years of unprecedented change” (Li Hung-chang). The so-called “view of today’s world has changed and since the Qin dynasty, there has been no urgent need for Jos” (Yan Fu) . What remains in our memory seems to be failure, cut, compensation, and signature on an unequal treaty. The loss of territory, the confusion of life, greatly shocked the ancient, huge and extremely weak country, hit