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目的分析2006-2015年重庆市流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)报告发病情况,对比扩大免疫规划(Expanded Program on Immunization,EPI)实施前后(2006-2008年、2009-2015年)重庆市乙脑流行特征变化,为采取有针对性的防控措施提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学分析方法,对乙脑疫苗纳入EPI前后重庆市乙脑发病的地区、时间和人群分布特征以及免疫史分布差异进行分析。结果重庆市2006-2015年累计报告乙脑病例1 611例,年均发病率0.49/10万,报告死亡病例31例,年均病死率1.62%。重庆市2008年开始将乙脑疫苗纳入扩大免疫规划,之后(2009-2015年)总体发病率维持在较低水平(0.37/10万),局部地区发病率略高,但仍低于EPI实施前的0.77/10万。EPI实施后报告病例中3~6岁儿童所占比例由42.65%增加到44.84%,报告病例中无免疫史所占比例由34.63%下降到20.16%。结论2008年乙脑疫苗纳入EPI后免疫效果显著,应针对EPI后乙脑中发地区>2岁的散居儿童和幼托儿童做好乙脑疫苗查漏补种,指导幼托机构和学校加强对入学儿童的接种证查验工作,努力减少免疫空白人群。
Objective To analyze the incidence of Japanese encephalitis (JE) reported in Chongqing from 2006 to 2015 and compare the results before and after the implementation of the Expanded Program on Immunization (2006-2008, 2009-2015). The epidemic characteristics of JE change in order to provide the basis for prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis methods were used to analyze the distribution, distribution characteristics of time and population, and the distribution of immunization history before and after the inclusion of Japanese encephalitis vaccine in EPI in Chongqing. Results A total of 1 611 cases of Japanese encephalitis were reported in Chongqing from 2006 to 2015, with an average annual incidence of 0.49 / 100 000. There were 31 reported cases of death and the annual average mortality rate was 1.62%. Since 2008, JE vaccine was included in the expanded immunization program in Chongqing, and the overall incidence (2009-2015) remained at a relatively low level (0.37 / 100,000). The incidence in some areas was slightly higher but still lower than that before EPI implementation 0.77 / 100,000. The proportion of children aged 3 ~ 6 years after EPI implementation increased from 42.65% to 44.84%, and the proportion of non-immune cases in reported cases decreased from 34.63% to 20.16%. Conclusions After the EPI vaccine is injected into EPI in 2008, the immunization effect is remarkable. Eighteen cases of diarrhea vaccination and vaccination should be conducted for diaspore children and preschool children aged> 2 years in EPB area, Vaccination certificate examination of children enrollment work, and strive to reduce immune blank population.