Calcium hydroxide with uniform diameters about 50-100 nm was firstly prepared under moderate condition by adding different kinds of hydrosoluble polymers. From the results of TEM and IR, the polymers were proved not only to improve the agglomeration of the nanoparticles but also to be used as a template to control the formation of the special structure and the needed size of Ca (OH)2 by changing the concentration of the polymers. The experimental results of TG-DTA indicate that the Ca(OH)2 can absorb most of the acid gases released during the decomposition of polymers. So this kind of nano-Ca(OH)2 can be used as a useful additive of environmental friendly plastics.