生存悲剧性对于人是不可克服但必须应对的客观存在,一种成熟文化必然对其有着丰富而深刻的认识和把握,即悲剧意识,这种意识涉及人类生存及价值的根本问题,是建立价值的基本方式。文学史上“以悲为美”现象值得系统深入的探讨,除了一般悲情、悲剧意识,还有某种超越一般悲情而上升到意识高度又不及悲剧意识深刻的心灵状态,可以称之为悲情意识。它与悲剧意识同为诗词中重要的审美类型,亦可视为后者的一种特殊形式,在宋 Survival tragedy is an insurmountable but must deal with the objective existence of a mature culture must have its rich and profound understanding and grasp, that tragedy consciousness, which concerns the fundamental issue of human existence and value, is the establishment of value The basic way. In the history of literature, the phenomenon of “taking sorrow as beauty” is worthy of systematic and in-depth discussion. Apart from the general tragedy and tragedy consciousness, there is also some psychic state that goes beyond the general sadness and rises to a higher level of consciousness than the tragic consciousness. It can be called a tragedy awareness. It and the tragedy consciousness with poetry as an important aesthetic type, can also be regarded as a special form of the latter, in Song