In order to solve the premature convergence problem of the basic Ant Colony Optimization algorithm, a promising modification with changing index was proposed. T
Partition-and-Recur (PAR) method is a simple and useful formal method. It can be used to design and testify algo-rithmic programs. In this paper, we propose tha
Value at Risk (VaR) is an important tool for estimating the risk of a financial portfolio under significant loss. Although Monte Carlo simulation is a powerful
Edit distance measures the similarity between two strings (as the minimum number of change, insert or delete operations that transform one string to the other).