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搞活国有大中型企业的关键是转换企业的经营机制。在这一点上,理论界似乎已经取得共识。所谓转换国有企业的经营机制,就是要使企业具有自主经营、自负盈亏、自我发展和自我约束的能力,成为独立的商品生产者。其中,自主经营和自负盈亏是商品生产者的基本特征。改革10年来,国有企业无论在自主经营、自我改造、还是在自我发展方面,都取得了长足进展,唯独在自负盈亏方面徘徊不前。而企业不能自负盈亏,就不能真正形成自我约束机
The key to invigorating large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises is to transform the operating mechanism of the enterprises. At this point, the theoretical community seems to have reached consensus. The so-called mechanism for transforming state-owned enterprises is to enable enterprises to have the ability to operate independently, to assume responsibility for their own profits and losses, to develop themselves and self-discipline, and to become independent commodity producers. Among them, self-management and self-financing are the basic characteristics of commodity producers. In the past ten years since the reform, state-owned enterprises have made considerable progress in self-operating, self-reforming, and self-development. They have only made headway in self-financing. And companies can’t really form a self-restraint machine because they cannot be responsible for their own profits and losses.