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《英语课程标准》明确规定了九年级学生在阅读方面的目标与要求。目标描述的第一条就是“能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义”。因此在近年的全国各地中考题中,猜测词义也成为阅读理解考查中的“重头戏”。如何有效地猜测词的词义,也成为广大考生应考的当务之急。
一、根据下文解释猜测
[真题再现]
(2007,安徽)原文:The British and Americans may use different terms for many things. The British usually use football, eraser and mail while Americans prefer to use soccer, rubber and post.
Q:What does the underlined word “terms” mean in Chinese in the passage?
A. 成果 B. 学期 C. 会议 D. 用语
[思路点拨]:由下文所举例项,“英国人通常使用football, eraser和mail,而美国人更多使用soccer, rubber和post”可以得知,在许多方面,他们对同一词汇的“用语”是不同的,进而推知“terms”的含义为“用语、术语”,故正确答案为D。
二、根据词语之间的对等关系猜测
[真题再现]
(2007,北京)Peanuts are very highly nutritious and are also high in protein(蛋白质).
Q:What does the underlined word “nutritious” mean?
A. Good for health
B. Helpful to the poor
C. Delicious and tasty
D. Rich in fat and oil
[思路点拨]:原文中and连接两个并列成分highly nutritious和high in protein。由high in protein表示“富含蛋白质”我们可以推知“highly nutritious”表示“富含脂肪和油类”,进而可以选出正确答案D。
三、根据构词法来猜测
[真题再现]
(2007,浙江金华)So the boy got the video game that he wanted for free—he was told it was prize from the store. He smiled happily, although he felt it was so incredible.
Q:The underlined word “incredible” most probably means “____” in Chinese.
A. 难以置信的 B. 令人兴奋的
C. 感到绝望的 D. 荒谬可笑的
[思路点拨]:通过构词法我们知道,in一般为“否定前缀”,表示“不,非”的意思,如incorrect(不正确的)、informal(非正式的)。原文告诉读者,这位男孩从商店免费得到了他所想要的视频游戏,所以他的感觉应当是“难以置信的”,故正确答案为A。
四、根据生活常识猜测
[真题再现]
(2007,辽宁)Always take a camera with you to capture those special moments.
Q: The underlined word “capture” in this passage means ____.
A. 拍摄 B. 感受 C. 抓住 D. 控制
[思路点拨]:根据生活常识,外出带上照相机是为了拍照,原文意为“带上相机拍摄下那些特别的瞬间”,所以正确答案应选A。
五、根据对比、转折关系猜测
[真题再现]
(2007,新疆)On a bus in North America, people try to make themselves smaller and they’ll say “Excuse me” or “Sorry” if they knock into someone. In China, some people make themselves bigger with no “Sorry” or “Excuse me”.
Q:The underlined word “bigger” in Chinese means ____.
A. 谦虚的 B. 有礼貌的
C. 自傲的 D. 文明的
[思路点拨]:此题关键是注意文中对比词no。由原文中with no “Sorry” or “Excuse me”可以推断出一些中国人不说“抱歉,总是认为自己很了不起”,很“自傲”所以正确答案为C。
六、根据下文所举例子猜测
[真题再现]
(2007,宁波)Do you want to do well in exams? Sometimes your knowledge is not enough, you also need good strategies. Here are some for you:
Before you answer the questions, if you feel little nervous, take a few deep breaths to help you relax.
Q:The underlined word “strategies” in the passage means ____.
A. 策略 B. 思维 C. 途径 D. 智慧
[思路点拨]:分析文中所列出的例子,都是有关考试策略方面的,作者想告诉读者,要考好试仅有知识是不够的,还需要一些好的策略。所以正确答案是A。
总之,利用各种已知信息推测、判断词义是非常重要的阅读技巧。在实践中,我们可以灵活运用上面提到的几种猜测技巧,排除生词的障碍,顺利理解文章的思想内容,提高阅读速度,从而在考试中获得高分。
一、根据下文解释猜测
[真题再现]
(2007,安徽)原文:The British and Americans may use different terms for many things. The British usually use football, eraser and mail while Americans prefer to use soccer, rubber and post.
Q:What does the underlined word “terms” mean in Chinese in the passage?
A. 成果 B. 学期 C. 会议 D. 用语
[思路点拨]:由下文所举例项,“英国人通常使用football, eraser和mail,而美国人更多使用soccer, rubber和post”可以得知,在许多方面,他们对同一词汇的“用语”是不同的,进而推知“terms”的含义为“用语、术语”,故正确答案为D。
二、根据词语之间的对等关系猜测
[真题再现]
(2007,北京)Peanuts are very highly nutritious and are also high in protein(蛋白质).
Q:What does the underlined word “nutritious” mean?
A. Good for health
B. Helpful to the poor
C. Delicious and tasty
D. Rich in fat and oil
[思路点拨]:原文中and连接两个并列成分highly nutritious和high in protein。由high in protein表示“富含蛋白质”我们可以推知“highly nutritious”表示“富含脂肪和油类”,进而可以选出正确答案D。
三、根据构词法来猜测
[真题再现]
(2007,浙江金华)So the boy got the video game that he wanted for free—he was told it was prize from the store. He smiled happily, although he felt it was so incredible.
Q:The underlined word “incredible” most probably means “____” in Chinese.
A. 难以置信的 B. 令人兴奋的
C. 感到绝望的 D. 荒谬可笑的
[思路点拨]:通过构词法我们知道,in一般为“否定前缀”,表示“不,非”的意思,如incorrect(不正确的)、informal(非正式的)。原文告诉读者,这位男孩从商店免费得到了他所想要的视频游戏,所以他的感觉应当是“难以置信的”,故正确答案为A。
四、根据生活常识猜测
[真题再现]
(2007,辽宁)Always take a camera with you to capture those special moments.
Q: The underlined word “capture” in this passage means ____.
A. 拍摄 B. 感受 C. 抓住 D. 控制
[思路点拨]:根据生活常识,外出带上照相机是为了拍照,原文意为“带上相机拍摄下那些特别的瞬间”,所以正确答案应选A。
五、根据对比、转折关系猜测
[真题再现]
(2007,新疆)On a bus in North America, people try to make themselves smaller and they’ll say “Excuse me” or “Sorry” if they knock into someone. In China, some people make themselves bigger with no “Sorry” or “Excuse me”.
Q:The underlined word “bigger” in Chinese means ____.
A. 谦虚的 B. 有礼貌的
C. 自傲的 D. 文明的
[思路点拨]:此题关键是注意文中对比词no。由原文中with no “Sorry” or “Excuse me”可以推断出一些中国人不说“抱歉,总是认为自己很了不起”,很“自傲”所以正确答案为C。
六、根据下文所举例子猜测
[真题再现]
(2007,宁波)Do you want to do well in exams? Sometimes your knowledge is not enough, you also need good strategies. Here are some for you:
Before you answer the questions, if you feel little nervous, take a few deep breaths to help you relax.
Q:The underlined word “strategies” in the passage means ____.
A. 策略 B. 思维 C. 途径 D. 智慧
[思路点拨]:分析文中所列出的例子,都是有关考试策略方面的,作者想告诉读者,要考好试仅有知识是不够的,还需要一些好的策略。所以正确答案是A。
总之,利用各种已知信息推测、判断词义是非常重要的阅读技巧。在实践中,我们可以灵活运用上面提到的几种猜测技巧,排除生词的障碍,顺利理解文章的思想内容,提高阅读速度,从而在考试中获得高分。