目的 :总结我国溃疡性结肠炎 (UC)大肠镜下表现和特点。方法 :对我院 1976～ 1999年间大肠镜资料进行了回顾性分析。结果 :拟诊UC者共 14 2例 ,确诊 12 8例 ,大肠镜诊断正确率为 90 .1%。病变部位以直乙结肠、左侧结肠、全结肠型多见 ,95 .4 %病变累及直肠 ;内镜下 1/ 2～ 2 / 3患者表现为粘膜破坏、炎症和出血 ,1/ 3表现为粘膜增生 ;罕见癌变。结论 :鉴于我国UC低癌变 ,绝大部分有直乙结肠病变 ,故认为经济、痛苦小、安全的乙状结肠镜检查对确诊UC有重要意义。 Objective: To summarize the performance and characteristics of colonoscopic ulcerative colitis (UC) in China. Methods: The data of the colonoscopy during our hospital from 1976 to 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 142 cases were diagnosed as UC, of ​​which 128 cases were diagnosed. The correct rate of colonoscopy was 90.1%. 95% of the lesions in the rectum were involved in the rectum. One-half to two-thirds of the patients underwent endoscopic mucosal destruction, inflammation and hemorrhage. One-third of the lesions showed as Mucosal hyperplasia; rare cancerous. Conclusion: In view of the low UC in our country, the majority of patients with direct B colon disease, so that economy, pain and safety of sigmoidoscopy for the diagnosis of UC is of great significance.