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【目的】了解昆山地区12月龄幼儿气质类型分布特征和影响因素,为早期行为干预提供依据。【方法】采用1~3岁幼儿气质问卷(CTTS)对738名在昆山市妇幼保健所门诊常规体检的12月龄幼儿进行气质测评,并用自行设计编制调查表对气质相关因素进行调查。【结果】幼儿气质类型构成比以中间偏易养型(56.10%)和中间偏难养型(31.44%)为主,各气质类型在性别上差异无统计学意义;男、女幼儿间活动水平差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);活动水平、节律性、趋避性、适应性、情绪本质、持久性、注意分散以及反应阈等气质维度,与全国常模相比差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);母亲生育年龄、母亲学历、母亲孕期看电视时间、看护人、看护人态度、看护人文化程度以及看护人性格等多种因素对幼儿气质维度有影响。看护人文化程度高、家庭月收入相对低家庭易养型幼儿比例高;父亲文化程度高、父亲不嗜好烟酒以及看护人态度严家庭中间偏易养型幼儿比例高;母亲生育年龄小、胎龄大、人工喂养以及母亲为干部家庭幼儿中间偏难养型比例高;母亲生育年龄大、孕期容易恐惧、母孕期每天睡眠时间偏少以及有孕期合并症记录家庭幼儿难养型比例高;父亲嗜好烟酒家庭幼儿启动缓慢型比例高。【结论】昆山幼儿气质类型以易养型、中间偏易养型占多数,活动水平存在男女性别差异,部分气质维度与全国常模相比差异显著,多因素综合作用影响昆山幼儿气质。
【Objective】 To understand the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of temperament types in 12-month-old children in Kunshan, and to provide basis for early behavior intervention. 【Methods】 A total of 738 children aged 12 months who were outpatient physical examination in Kunshan MCH clinic were evaluated with CTTS (1-3 years old). The related factors of temperament were investigated by self-designed questionnaire. 【Results】 The constitutional types of young children’s temperament were mainly middle easterly (56.10%) and mid-easterly (31.44%), and there was no significant difference in gender among the temperament types. The activity level of young boys and girls The difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The temperament dimensions such as activity level, rhythm, avoidance, adaptability, emotional essence, persistence, attentional distraction and reaction threshold were significantly different from the national norm (P <0.01). Factors such as mother’s reproductive age, mother’s educational level, mother’s watching TV time during pregnancy, caregivers, caregiver’s attitude, caregiver’s educational level and caregiver’s personality have influence on the temperament of young children. A high degree of education of caregivers, relatively low monthly family income, a high proportion of families with child-rearing trophies; a high proportion of fathers with a high education level, a high proportion of fathers and dads, and a high proportion of middle-class vulnerable children with caregivers; Old, large, artificial feeding, and the mother is a high proportion of middle-aged child care support for the family; the mother of childbearing age, easy to fear during pregnancy, less sleep during the first trimester, and a higher proportion of children with congenital malformation during pregnancy complications; father Alcohol and tobacco addicted families start slow proportion of children. 【Conclusion】 The types of children’s temperament in Kunshan are mainly eutrophic and middle-type ecotrophic, accounting for the difference in sexual activity between male and female. There are significant differences in some temperament dimensions compared with the national norm, and the multi-factor comprehensive effects affect the temperament of young children in Kunshan.