自然界中物质的存在形态有气、液、固三态,而后等离子体[1]、超临界流体[2]、拓扑绝缘体[3]等新物态的不断发现极大地扩展了我们对物质世界的认识,并催生出一系列重大的理论创新和前沿应用.这些新物态多介于两种物态之间,兼有两种物态的属性,如兼有气态和液态属性的中间态超临界流体[4]及兼有导体和绝缘体属性的中间态拓扑绝缘体等等.在一些特殊环境中同样存在 The existence of matter in nature has gas, liquid and solid states, and the constant discovery of new states such as plasma [1], supercritical fluid [2] and topological insulator [3] greatly expands our understanding of the physical world Understanding, and spawned a series of major theoretical innovations and cutting-edge applications.These new states are mostly between two kinds of states, which have the properties of two kinds of states, such as intermediate state supercritical with both gaseous and liquid properties Fluid [4] and intermediate topological insulators that combine conductor and insulator properties, etc. In some special environments