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本世纪六十年代以来,石油成为世界上最主要的能源,更是现代工业国家不可须臾离开的东西。据统计,在七十年代全世界每天需要石油近6000万桶(7.3桶合一吨),仅美国的日需量就达1800万桶。但众所周知,地球上石油资源的分布并不象空气那样均匀,大量消费石油的工业大国偏偏藏量不大,而那些较落后的非工业国的地下却存在着广阔的油海。因此,消费大量石油的欧美及日本等国每年都要进口大量的石油。据统计,美国在七十年代依赖进口的部分占消费总量的一半(目前略低),日本几乎完全靠进口。
Since the 1960s, oil has become the most important energy source in the world. It is something that modern industrial nations must not leave. According to statistics, almost 60 million barrels of oil (7.3 barrels and one tonne) are needed daily in the seventies of the world, and the daily demand of the United States alone reaches 18 million barrels. However, as we all know, the distribution of petroleum resources on the earth is not as uniform as that of the air. The great industrial powers that consume a large amount of oil are not very small but the underground oil fields of those less-developed non-industrialized countries have a vast oil sea. Therefore, countries such as Europe, the United States and Japan, which consume a large amount of oil, have to import large amounts of oil every year. According to statistics, the part of the United States that relies on imports in the 1970s accounted for half of the total consumption (at present slightly lower), and Japan almost entirely imported it.