本文揭示了坏社区的根源及其给本社区及其所在区域居民带来的代价,并跟踪了近期不平衡的大城市发展格局、造成这些格局的社会力量以及这些格局所带来的恶果和潜在的对策。文章证明了城市蔓延、贫困集中度和种族隔离的交织过程,如何影响了美国城市和大都市地区的人口所面临的机会结构。在承认个人选择和人力资本的作用同时,文章更关注公共政策决策和相关的私营部门活动以及它们如何决定了场所和种族对大都市区机会结构的影响。最后,文章探索了各种可以用来切断美国城市社区场所、种族和权利之间联系的备选政策。 This article reveals the root causes of bad communities and their costs to the community and its inhabitants and tracks the recent unbalanced metropolitan development patterns that have created social forces in these patterns and the consequences and potential consequences of these patterns Countermeasures. The paper demonstrates how the intersection of urban sprawl, poverty concentration and apartheid affects the chance structure that populations in the United States cities and metropolitan areas face. While recognizing the role of personal choices and human capital, the article focuses more on public policy decisions and related private-sector activities and how they determine the impact of place and race on the metropolitan area’s opportunity structure. Finally, the article explores a variety of alternative policies that can be used to cut off the links between American urban neighborhoods, races, and rights.