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一、海洋古沉船的保护处理1,海洋古船木材的材质变化在海洋水底环境下,古船木材材质受埋藏环境的生物、物理和化学作用,发生了不同程度侵蚀变化。(1)古船木的化学成分发生变化:木材是由植物细胞所构成,细胞壁是木材的主体。其主要成分是纤维素(占45～50%)、半纤维素(占20～35%)、木素(占15～35%)。受埋藏环境的微生物和化学的分解作用,古船木材的纤维素和半纤维素不同程度下降。破坏较严重的船木纤维素甚至降到15%以下,即构成木材主要成分的纤维素已损失2/3以上。手按感觉较软,机械强度很弱,自然干后会萎缩变形。(2)古船木的细胞结构发生变化:从饱水古船切片的显微镜观察
First, the protection of marine ancient sunken ship 1, the material changes in the marine ancient wood In the marine bottom environment, the ancient wood material by the burial environment of biological, physical and chemical effects, there have been varying degrees of erosion change. (1) Changes in the chemical composition of ancient ships wood: wood is composed of plant cells, the cell wall is the main wood. Its main components are cellulose (45 ~ 50%), hemicellulose (20 ~ 35%), lignin (15 ~ 35%). Under the burial environment of microorganisms and chemical decomposition, ancient ship wood cellulose and hemicellulose decreased to varying degrees. Damage to more serious ship wood cellulose even dropped below 15%, which constitutes the main component of cellulose fibers have lost more than 2/3. Feel the soft hand by hand, the mechanical strength is very weak, natural dry shrinking deformation. (2) Changes in the cellular structure of the ancient ship wood: Microscopic observation of the section of an ancient ship with water