引论具有不同行为方式的群体在健康上表现出显著的差异。这些群体在健康水平及死亡率方面悬殊很大 ,仅以医疗保健服务的水平难以解释。有些差异来自长期的变化。西方国家的死亡率至迟从１８世纪末就开始持续下降。瑞典有死亡率记录的历史最长 ,从这些记录中可以看出 ,死亡率尤 It is concluded that groups with different behaviors show significant differences in health. These groups are disproportionately high in terms of health and mortality and are difficult to interpret solely on the level of health care services. Some differences come from long-term changes. The death rates in Western countries have been declining as late as the late 18th century. Sweden has the longest record of mortality records, from which it can be seen that the mortality rate is particularly high