在营销领哉中，“以四客需求为中心”的观念曾广为流行．认为企业只要能满足顾客的需求，企业就会得到持久的繁荣，并能够在市场竞争中立于不败之地．进入七十年代以来，情况发生了巨变．由于竞争着越来越多，而且同行业的所有竞争者都期着满足顾客的需求而竭尽全力，所以，一 In marketing gurus, the concept of “four demands as the center” was widely popular. It is believed that as long as the company can meet the needs of customers, the company will have a lasting prosperity and be able to remain invincible in the market competition. Since the 1970s, the situation has changed dramatically. As more and more competitors compete with each other in the same industry to meet the needs of customers, they will do their best.