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目的了解平顶山市百日咳发病流行规律,为有效防控百日咳提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析,对平顶山市法定传染病报告系统和近年对百日咳疫情监测资料进行分析,对百日咳的时间分布、疫苗效果等进行比较。结果自实施计划免疫以后,百日咳发病率和死亡率大幅度下降,年均发病率由20世纪60～70年代的93.08/10万降至目前的1/10万以下;流行范围逐步缩小,春夏为高发季节,主要集中在5～8月份,病例10岁以下儿童共88例,占病例总数的98.88%,主要集中在7岁以下的为57例,占64.05%。城市高于农村,两者发病率差异有统计学意义。女性多于男性。职业以散居、托幼儿童为主,占发病总人数的57.30%;其次为学生,占41.58%。结论防治百日咳应进一步提高和保持高水平的百白破混合制剂常规免疫接种率,控制局部地区的爆发,并加强监测和传染源的管理。
Objective To understand the prevalence of pertussis in Pingdingshan and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of whooping cough. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the statutory communicable disease reporting system in Pingdingshan City and monitoring data of pertussis epidemic in recent years. The time distribution of pertussis and the vaccine efficacy were compared. Results After the immunization program was implemented, the incidence and death rate of whooping cough dropped significantly. The average annual incidence rate dropped from 93.08 / 100000 in the 1960s to the 1970s to less than 1/10000 at present. The epidemic scope gradually decreased, For the high season, mainly concentrated in May to August, 88 cases of children under the age of 10, accounting for 98.88% of the total number of cases, mainly in the 7-year-old was 57 cases, accounting for 64.05%. The city is higher than the rural areas, the difference between the two was statistically significant. More women than men. Occupation to diathesis, child care-based children, accounting for 57.30% of the total number of students; followed by students, accounting for 41.58%. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of whooping cough should further increase and maintain the high level of routine immunization rate of Baibabuo mixture, control the outbreak in some areas, and strengthen the monitoring and management of infection sources.