肥厚型心肌病（HypertrophicCardiomy－opaty，HCM）可引起猝死。现结合一例尸检讨论其主要病理变化、猝死机制及法医学鉴定注意事项。案例报告王某，女，7岁，某日体育课短跑时突然“晕厥”，摔倒在地，神志不清，5分钟后送到医院发现已死亡。据查死者既往史、家族史均无特殊 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies (HCM) can cause sudden death. Now combined with a case of autopsy to discuss its main pathological changes, sudden death mechanism and forensic identification considerations. Case report Wang, female, 7 years old, a day when a physical education class sprint suddenly “fainted”, fell to the ground, unconscious, 5 minutes later sent to the hospital found dead. According to the investigation of the past history of the deceased, family history are no special