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目的通过对职业接触可溶性铬盐人群外周血淋巴细胞DNA链断裂水平的研究,了解该生物指标在职业人群中分布的水平、特点及其影响因素,探讨其作为职业接触铬盐人群生物标志物的可行性,为职业接触铬盐劳动者生物监测及健康危险性评价提供理论依据。方法本研究利用横断面现场研究,对山东省济南市某铬盐生产企业进行了流行病学调查。接触组选择重铬酸钾制造业铬盐作业健康劳动者114名(男74名、女40名),对照组为无毒物接触史的健康农民30名(男22名、女8名),两组人群在年龄、性别和吸烟状况等方面相匹配。通过问卷调查了解研究对象的一般情况、职业暴露情况、饮酒吸烟情况、既往疾病史(用药史)、急性感染情况、个人防护情况等。利用单细胞凝胶电泳法,检测外周血淋巴细胞DNA链断裂水平,并通过计算加权分评价损伤程度;作业环境铬盐浓度的测定采用双滤膜个体采样器8 h工作日连续采样,滤膜铬盐含量采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定;红细胞中铬浓度测定采用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法。用SPSS10.0统计软件进行多元回归分析。结果(1)职业接触可溶性铬盐劳动者外周血淋巴细胞DNA链断裂水平得分为54.52±23.51,高于对照组的24.70±11.84,有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(2)当空气中个体铬盐暴露浓度小于106.00μg/m3时,职业接触可溶性铬盐劳动者DNA链断裂水平,随个体铬盐暴露水平的增加而增加,并呈明显的剂量-反应关系。(3)相关分析结果表明:外周血淋巴细胞DNA链断裂水平与空气中个体铬盐暴露水平、红细胞中铬浓度水平均呈显著的正相关性(P<0.01)。(4)多元回归证实:在α=0.10水平上,吸烟剂量、空气中铬盐浓度、接触铬盐的年限对淋巴细胞DNA链断裂水平影响显著。结论DNA链断裂可以作为职业接触可溶性铬盐劳动者遗传损伤效应性生物标志物,可望用于职业接触可溶性铬盐劳动者生物监测及健康危险性的评价。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the level, characteristics and influencing factors of the distribution of biological indicators in the occupational population through the study on the level of DNA strand breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes in the chromium exposed workers exposed to occupational exposure, and to explore its distribution as a biomarker for occupational chromium exposure Feasibility, provide a theoretical basis for biological monitoring and health risk assessment of occupational exposure to chromium salt laborers. Methods In this study, a cross-sectional field study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology of a chromium salt production enterprise in Jinan, Shandong Province. In the contact group, 114 workers (74 males and 40 females) were employed for the chromium salt production in the manufacturing industry. In the control group, there were 30 healthy peasants (22 males and 8 females) The group matched for age, gender and smoking status. Through the questionnaire survey to understand the general situation of the study, occupational exposure, smoking and drinking, the history of previous medical history (medication history), acute infection, personal protection and so on. Single-cell gel electrophoresis was used to detect the level of DNA strand breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the degree of damage was evaluated by calculating the weighted score. Chromium salt concentration in the working environment was determined by continuous sampling on a 8-h working day using a dual-filter individual sampler. Chromium salt content was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry; determination of chromium in erythrocytes by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Using SPSS10.0 statistical software for multiple regression analysis. Results (1) The level of DNA strand breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to chromium in occupational exposure was 54.52 ± 23.51, which was significantly higher than that in control group (24.70 ± 11.84, P <0.01). (2) The level of DNA strand breaks of chromium exposed to occupational exposure to chromium chromate increased with the increase of individual chromate exposure and showed a dose-response relationship when exposure to chromium in air was less than 106.00 μg / m3. (3) The result of correlation analysis showed that the level of DNA strand breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes had a significant positive correlation with the levels of chromium exposure and erythrocytes in air (P <0.01). (4) Multiple regression confirmed that smoking dose, the concentration of chromium in the air and the exposure to chromium salt had a significant effect on the level of DNA strand breaks in lymphocytes at α = 0.10 level. Conclusion DNA strand breaks can be used as biomarkers of genetic damage in occupational exposure to soluble chromium salt workers, and may be used for biomonitoring and health risk assessment of workers exposed to chromium salts in occupational exposure.