从1908年Miles手术创立以来,直肠癌患者的5年生存率有明显的提高。至今,Miles手术仍然被外科界公认为治疗低位直肠癌的经典术式。但是,近几十年来许多学者从临床,病理、免疫各方面进行了广泛。深入的研究,提出了各种保留肛门括约肌的手术,用于治疗低位直肠癌,多数都获得成功。 Since the establishment of Miles Surgery in 1908, the 5-year survival rate of patients with rectal cancer has been significantly improved. To date, Miles Surgery is still recognized by the surgical community as a classic procedure for the treatment of low rectal cancer. However, in recent decades, many scholars have carried out a wide range of clinical, pathological and immunological aspects. In-depth study, put forward a variety of retention of anal sphincter surgery, for the treatment of low rectal cancer, most have been successful.