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本文研究的问题为小叶杨的年生长规律和矿质肥料的三要素,追肥时期,追肥方法对小叶杨二年生播种苗的质量与产量的影响,研究方法是采用田间定位试验与土培试验相结合进行的。并进行了土壤理化性质的分析及植物生理指标的测定。 本文主要内容:(1)小叶杨苗木的年生长,根据苗木高生长的形态表现分为:出苗期,幼苗期,速生期和硬化期等四个时期,苗木的高生长与地际直径生长,根系生长是交替进行的;高生长停止期在先,直径与根系生长停止期在后;(2)肥料三要素(氮、磷、钾)加速了苗木的生长,促进苗木体内的氮、磷和糖含量的积累,加强了光合作用与叶绿素的合成能力,使Ⅰ、Ⅱ级苗木的产量比不施肥的提高15—37％。也提高了苗木移植后的成活率和第二年的生长量。在氮、磷、钾中以氮促进生长的作用最大,缺氮的苗木生长不佳,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级苗的产量比施N、P、K的苗木低22％。磷肥效果次之,钾对生长的作用最小;(3)追肥时期对苗木质量有影响,氮、磷、钾分为早、中、晚三个时期施入的效果以幼苗期的早期追肥的苗木质量好,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级苗木的产量比不追肥的高37％,比中期追肥的高15％;(4)相同的肥料和用量,以土壤追肥及土壤加根外追肥的效果最好,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级苗的产量比不追肥的增产36—38％。而只用根外追肥的效果比不追肥的增产29％。
This paper studies the annual growth of Populus simonii and three elements of mineral fertilizers, dressing time, topdressing methods on the quality and yield of poplar seedlings planted two years, the method of research is to use field trials and soil culture in combination with the test of. The physical and chemical properties of soil and the determination of plant physiological indexes were also studied. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) The annual growth of Populus simonii seedlings is divided into four periods: emergence, seedling, (2) Three elements of fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) accelerate the growth of seedlings, and promote the growth of seedlings in the body of nitrogen and phosphorus and The accumulation of sugar content strengthens photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis, making the production of Ⅰ and Ⅱ seedlings increased by 15-37% than that of non-fertilization. Also increased the survival rate after seedling transplantation and the second year of growth. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nitrogen to promote the growth of the role of the most, nitrogen-deficient seedlings growth is poor, Ⅰ, Ⅱ seedlings yield than N, P, K seedlings lower 22%. Followed by phosphate fertilizer and potassium had the least effect on the growth. (3) The dressing time had an impact on the quality of seedlings, and the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were divided into early, middle and late stages. The yield of seedlings of Grade I and Grade II was 37% higher than that of non-top-dressing and 15% higher than that of medium-term top dressing. (4) The same fertilizers and dosages had the best effect of topdressing topsoil and topsoil plus topsoil , Ⅱ-level seedling yield than the non-top-yielding 36-38%. The effect of top dressing alone was 29% higher than that without top dressing.