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Surgical repair of complex posterior urethral disruptions remains one of the most challenging problems in urology.The efficacy of using a tissue expander capsule as an induced vascular bed to prefabricate axial vascularized buccal mucosa-lined flaps for tubularized posterior urethral reconstruction in a rabbit model was tested.The experiments were performed in three stages.First,silicone tissue expanders were inserted into the groin to induce vascularized capsule pouch formation.Next,buccal mucosa grafts were transplanted into the newly formed capsular tissue supplied by axial vessels for buccal mucosa-lined flap prefabrication.Then,circumferential posterior urethral defects were created and repaired with the buccal mucosa graft (Group 1),the capsule flap (Group 2),and the prefabricated capsule buccal mucosa composite flap (Group 3).After surgery,notable contracture of the tubularized buccal mucosa graft was observed in the neourethra,and none of the rabbits in Group 1 maintained a wide urethral caliber.In Group 2,the retrieved neourethra showed little evidence of epithelial lining during the study period,and the lumen caliber was narrowed at the 3-month evaluation.In Group 3,the buccal mucosa formed the lining in the neourethra and maintained a wide urethral caliber for 3 months.The capsule may serve as an induced vascular bed for buccal mucosa-lined flap prefabrication.The prefabricated buccal mucosa-lined flap may serve as a neourethra flap for posterior urethral replacement.