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十九世纪上半叶,叔本华一反欧洲哲学史上的理性主义传统和德国古典哲学的乐观主义态度,把非理性的盲目欲求的意志抬高到哲学的首位,并以此为理论根基创立了悲观厌世的人生哲学。继叔本华之后的尼采,继续倡导唯意志主义的思想,肯定意志的首要地位。但他赋于意志以新的内涵,并更新了叔本华哲学的悲观主义颓废情绪,倡导积极,昂扬的悲剧精神,使他成为二十世纪影响最大的唯意志主义者,这一思潮也随之广为流传。作为人本主义思潮几乎都带有悲观主义的倾向,但叔本华的悲观意识与尼采的悲剧精神却有着显然不同的人生态度,本文就此问题作个比较。
In the first half of the nineteenth century, Schopenhauer’s reaction to the rationalist tradition in the history of European philosophy and the optimistic attitude of the German classical philosophy raised the will of irrational blind desire to the top of philosophy and founded it as a theoretical foundation Pessimistic attitude of life philosophy. Nietzsche, following Schopenhauer, continued to advocate the idea of voluntarism and affirmed the primacy of the will. But he endowed with a new connotation and updated the pessimistic decadent mood of Schopenhauer’s philosophy and advocated a positive and high-spirited tragic spirit that made him the most influential will-activist in the twentieth century The widely circulated. As the tendency of pessimism in almost all humanistic thoughts, Schopenhauer’s pessimistic consciousness has obviously different attitudes toward life from the tragedy spirit of Nietzsche. This article makes a comparison on this issue.