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1972春首次从甘蓝型油菜波里马中发现19个天然不育株。根据育性对温度的敏感情况,可把35个波里马不育材料分为高温不育型(占62.9%)、低温不育型(占28.6%)和稳定型(占8.5%)等三个类型。其对温度敏感与否,决定于保持系。也就是说,主要决定于细胞核,而不是细胞质。通过大量测交筛选保持系,可育成稳定的波里马不育系。甘蓝型、白菜型、芥菜型油莱都存在有波里马不育胞质的恢复基因,说明恢复基因可能存在于A组染色体上。通过显性程度和优势指数的分析,波里马不育系杂种各性状,普遍存在着显著的杂种优势,其中尤以单株产量和全株果数最突出。波里马不育胞质对F1主要经济性状、生育期及菌核病的病情指数均无不良影响。本文还提出油菜三系选育与油菜的起源进化有密切关系的论点,并进行了讨论。
In the spring of 1972, 19 natural sterile plants were found from the Brassica napus. According to the sensitivity of fertility to temperature, 35 Polyps male sterile materials can be divided into high temperature sterile (62.9%), low temperature sterile (28.6%) and stable (8.5%), etc. A type. Its temperature-sensitive or not, decided to keep the Department. In other words, the main determinant is the nucleus, not the cytoplasm. Through a large number of screening to select the maintainer line, fertile stable Polima infertility. Brassica campestris, Brassica campestris, Brassica juncea L. There exist restorer gene of Polima infertility cytoplasm, indicating that the restorer gene may exist in the A group of chromosomes. Through the analysis of the dominant degree and dominant index, the hybrids of the Polima male sterile lines generally showed significant heterosis. Among them, the yield per plant and the number of whole plants were the most prominent. Polima infertility cytoplasm had no adverse effect on the main economic traits, growth period and disease index of sclerotinia. This article also raises the three rapeseed rape breeding and rape origin and evolution are closely related to the argument, and discussed.