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目的:比较不同健康教育方式的干预效果。方法:采用类试验研究方法,选择经济和儿童保健服务水平相似的4个乡镇,分别用面对面讲解、发信、张贴画的方式对3个乡镇的所有婴儿母亲传播辅食添加知识,1个对照乡镇进行常规健康教育。干预10个月后对4个乡镇6～16个月婴儿的母亲(干预乡镇94名、132名、122名和对照乡138名)进行面对面问卷调查,比较干预效果。结果:讲解乡镇比对照乡镇有较高比例的母亲知道过晚添加辅食对婴儿健康不利(P<0.05);张贴画乡镇,比对照乡镇和讲解乡镇有较高比例的母亲知道正确的辅食添加时间(P<0.05)。讲解乡镇的母亲比另外3个乡镇的母亲适时添加辅食的比例高(P<0.05或<0.01)。讲解乡镇的母亲至少每周给婴儿吃1次鱼或肉的比例明显高于发信乡镇和张贴画乡镇(P<0.01)。结论:健康教育干预对改善婴幼儿母亲喂养知识、态度、行为起到了一定效果。面对面讲解的方式效果较好,3种健康教育方式有效结合是比较适合开化县的健康教育方式。
Objective: To compare the effects of different health education interventions. Methods: Using the method of experimental study, 4 townships with similar economic and child health services were selected, and all the mothers in 3 townships were given face-to-face explanations, sent letters and posters to add their own knowledge. One control township Conduct regular health education. After 10 months intervention, mothers of 94 villages (94 townships, 132 townships, 122 townships and 138 control townships) from 4 townships aged 6-16 months were interviewed in a questionnaire to compare the effects of the interventions. RESULTS: A high proportion of mothers who explained that villages and towns were colder than the control townships knew that adding supplements too late had an adverse effect on the health of infants (P <0.05); posting villages, mothers with a higher proportion of villages than villages and townships knew the right time to add food (P <0.05). Mothers who spoke about townships had higher rates of complementary food supplementation (P <0.05 or <0.01) than mothers of the other three townships. The percentage of mothers who talked about townships eating baby or infants at least once a week was significantly higher than that of sending towns and posting townships (P <0.01). Conclusion: Health education intervention has played a certain effect on improving mother’s feeding knowledge, attitude and behavior of infants and young children. Face to face to explain the effect is better, three kinds of health education effective combination is more suitable for health education in Kaihua.