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探讨痰液ｐ５３基因变异检测在早期诊断肺癌方面的价值。方法选择呼吸科住院患者：肺癌组１９例，男１６例，女３例，年龄４７～７２岁，平均年龄６１３２岁；对照组（慢性阻塞性肺疾患及肺结核排除其他系统肿瘤患者）２２例，男１５例，女７例，年龄４７～７４岁，平均５９４３岁。晨起后清洁口腔，连续３天收集痰液于装有固定液（２０ｍｌ）的大试管中，进行ｐ５３基因聚合酶链反应单链构象多态性（ｐ５３ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ）分析。结果肺癌组９／１９例痰液中发现ｐ５３基因变异（ｐ５３ｇｅｎｅｍｕｔａｔｉｏｎｓ），对照组２／２２例发现ｐ５３基因变异，其中１例距临床确诊肺癌提前３个月；对照组与病例组ｐ５３突变率差异有显著性（χ２＝９０２，Ｐ＜００１），肺癌组中ｐ５３基因变异与性别（Ｐ＝００９）、年龄（Ｐ＝０３５）、吸烟指数（每日吸烟支数×吸烟年数）（Ｐ＝０１８）不相关（以上均为Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ确切概率法）。结论痰ｐ５３基因检测方法简便、快速、经济，无创伤性，因此ｐ５３基因变异可作为一个有意义的基因标志用于早期诊断肺癌及高危人群筛检。
To explore the value of sputum p53 gene mutation detection in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods The hospitalized patients in the Department of Respiratory Medicine were selected: 19 patients with lung cancer, 16 males and 3 females, aged 47-72 years, mean age 61-32 years; control group (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary tuberculosis excluded other systemic tumor patients) 22 Cases, 15 males and 7 females, aged 47 to 74 years, mean 59 to 43 years old. After the morning, the oral cavity was cleaned, and the sputum was collected in a large test tube (20 ml) for 3 consecutive days for p53 PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (p53 PCR-SSCP) analysis. Results p53 gene mutations were found in 9/19 cases of sputum in lung cancer group, and p53 gene mutation was found in 2/22 cases in control group. One case was 3 months earlier than clinically diagnosed lung cancer. The mutation rate of p53 in control group and case group was different. Significant (χ2=902, P<001), p53 gene mutation and gender (P=009), age (P=035), smoking index (daily smoking number) in lung cancer group × Number of years smoked (P = 018) is irrelevant (Fisher’s exact probability method above). Conclusions The p53 gene detection method is simple, rapid, economical and non-invasive. Therefore, the p53 gene mutation can be used as a meaningful gene marker for the early diagnosis of lung cancer and high-risk population screening.