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一八九○年九月二十二至二十三日,恩格斯就唯物史观的问题给约·布洛赫写了回信。他在信中着重而深刻地阐述了唯物史观的一个根本问题——基础与上层建筑的关系问题。恩格斯说:“……根据唯物史观,历史过程中的决定性因素,归根到底是现实生活的生产和再生产。无论马克思或我都从来没有肯定过比这更多的东西。”恩格斯这段话是针对德国资产阶级唯心主义哲学家和党内的青年资产者、机会主义者而发的。十九世纪八、九十年代,资产阶级的御用学者把唯物史观庸俗化。德国资产阶级社会学家保尔·巴尔特在其《黑格尔及包括马克思及哈特曼在内的黑格尔派的历史哲学》一书中说:“社会存在决定社会意识”的原理是“任意的历史编造”,马克思“否定了一切观念的力量”、是将“人类变成了一种机械发展的毫无抵抗力的玩物”,并在该书中武断地说,“在马克思的一切著作中所能找到的哲学等等依赖于物质生活条件的唯一的例子,就是笛卡儿宣称动物是机器。”恩格斯为了驳斥巴尔特和恩斯特之说,特别具体地
From September 22 to August 23, 1880, Engels wrote a letter to Jöblel about the historical materialism. In his letter, he elaborated deeply and profoundly one of the fundamental problems of historical materialism - the relationship between the foundation and the superstructure. Engels said: “...... According to historical materialism, the decisive factor in the historical process is, in the final analysis, the production and reproduction of real life. Neither Marx nor I have ever affirmed anything more than this.” Engels’s remark was To German bourgeois idealist philosophers and the party’s young bourgeoisie and opportunists. In the 1880s and 1890s, the bourgeois royal scholars vulgarized the historical materialism. German bourgeois sociologist Paul Barthel said in his book Hegel and the Historical Philosophy of the Hegelians, including Marx and Hartmann: “The principle of social existence determines social consciousness ”Arbitrarily Historical Making,“ Marx ”denied the power of all ideas,“ turned ”mankind into an irresistible plaything of mechanical development,“ in which he arbitrarily stated that ”in Marx’s The only example in which the philosophy, etc., found in all the writings, depends on the material conditions of life, is that Descartes declares animals as machines. "Engels, in order to disprove Barthes and Ernst,