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肝脏血液通过上下两组肝静脉回流。上组由3支肝静脉组成,汇聚于肝后腔静脉上段形成第二肝门;下组由3支肝静脉汇合处以下的肝短静脉组成,肝短静脉数量多、变异大,且入口分散,故常把整个肝后腔静脉下段称作第三肝门。邻近第二、三肝门的肝肿瘤常位于Couinaud肝段划分法中的Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ及Ⅷ段,毗邻进出肝脏的重要管道。在邻近第二、三肝门肝肿瘤的外科手术切除过程中,需保护入肝及出肝管道结构的完整性,因而手术难
Liver blood passes through the upper and lower hepatic veins. The upper group consisted of three hepatic veins, which converged in the upper segment of the retrohepatic vena cava to form a second hepatic portal; the lower group consisted of three hepatic short veins below the confluence of the hepatic veins. The number of hepatic short veins was large and varied, and the portal was scattered. Therefore, the lower segment of the retrohepatic vena cava is often referred to as the third porta hepatis. Liver neoplasms adjacent to the second and third liver gates are often located in segments I, IV, V, and VIII in the Couinaud segment method and are adjacent to the important channels into and out of the liver. In the surgical resection of the second and third hepatic portal neoplasms, the integrity of the inlet and outlet hepatic ductal structures needs to be protected, making it difficult to perform surgery.