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辣椒(Capsicum annuum)是美洲最古老的驯化作物之一,在全世界被广泛种植。本研究对CM334(墨西哥地方品种)进行了全基因组测序和组装(覆盖度为186.6×),同时还对另外两个栽培种和一个野生种分别进行了重测序和从头(de novo)测序。结果表明辣椒基因组大小约为番茄的4倍,辣椒基因组上存在大量gypsy转座子和花椰菜病毒家族元件的积累。结合转录组综合分析认为,辣椒素合成酶基因表达模式的改变及新功能化是导致辣椒素生物合成的原因,研究还发现辣椒与番茄在乙烯合成及果实成熟调控方面存在明显不同的分子模式。辣椒参考基因组的发布为辣椒营养品质和药用价值的改善提供了重要平台。
Capsicum annuum is one of the oldest domesticated crops in the Americas and is widely grown throughout the world. In this study, whole genome sequencing and assembly of CM334 (Mexico native breed) was carried out with a coverage of 186.6 ×, while another two cultivars and one wild species were separately sequenced and de novo sequenced. The results showed that the genome of pepper was about 4 times the size of that of tomato. There was a large accumulation of gypsy transposon and cauliflower virus family elements in pepper genome. Combined with the transcriptome analysis, the change of capsaicin synthase gene expression pattern and new functionalization were the main reasons leading to the biosynthesis of capsaicin. The study also found that there are distinct molecular patterns in the regulation of ethylene synthesis and fruit ripening in pepper and tomato. The release of pepper reference genome has provided an important platform for the improvement of nutritional quality and medicinal value of pepper.