抗生素及其它抗菌药物的广泛应用,引起了一系列值得重视的复杂问题。例如,耐药菌株的不断增加和播散,条件致病菌致病作用的增强,难治性细菌感染患者的增多,医院内感染发生率的迅速增长等。因此有必要重新审核这类药物临床应用的许多观点,其中包括抗菌药物的预防应用。抗菌药物用于预防者估计约占总用量的30～40％甚至更高。如对一些病毒性感染、昏迷、休克、心力衰竭或接受外科手术及某些无菌操作者,大多数均接受抗菌药物的预防应用。上述许多情况无需预防应用, The widespread use of antibiotics and other antibiotics has caused a series of complex issues that deserve attention. For example, the increasing and spreading of drug-resistant strains, the increased pathogenicity of opportunistic pathogens, the increase of refractory bacterial infections and the rapid increase of nosocomial infections. There is therefore a need to re-examine many of the clinical applications of these drugs, including the prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial drugs used in prophylaxis are estimated to account for about 30-40% of the total amount or even higher. For some viral infections, coma, shock, heart failure, or undergoing surgery and some aseptic operators, most are receiving antimicrobial prophylaxis applications. Many of the above situations do not require prevention applications,