论文部分内容阅读
【目的】研究双季稻区晚稻季条件下,甬优系列籼粳杂交稻超高产结构与群体形成特征,以期为双季晚稻甬优系列籼粳杂交稻超高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以籼粳杂交稻有代表性的品种甬优538、甬优2640、甬优1538、甬优1540为试验材料,通过栽培措施的调控,形成超高产(≥10.50 t·hm-2)和高产(9.75 t·hm-2≤产量<10.50 t·hm-2)群体,对产量及其结构、茎蘖动态、叶面积动态与组成、光合势、干物质积累、群体生长速率等方面进行系统比较研究。【结果】与高产群体相比,超高产群体表现穗数足、穗型大、群体颖花量多(50 000×104颖花/hm2以上)的显著特点,但结实率和千粒重略降低,差异不显著;群体茎蘖于生育前期稳步增长,至有效分蘖临界叶龄期达适宜穗数,高峰苗出现在拔节期,数量少,成穗率高(>75%),此后群体下降平缓,至抽穗期达适宜穗数;群体叶面积指数前期增长相对较缓慢,最大值出现在孕穗期,为8.1左右,此后下降缓慢,抽穗期叶面积指数、有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率及粒叶比均极显著高于高产群体,成熟期叶面积指数仍保持在3.5以上;群体光合势生育前期较小,中后期较大,总光合势为580×104m2·d·hm-2以上,抽穗期至成熟期的光合势占总光合势的50.0%以上;群体拔节前干物质积累速度相对较缓,拔节后干物质积累速度较快,至抽穗期群体生物量为10.0 t·hm-2左右,抽穗后积累量亦高,至成熟期干物重达19.0 t·hm-2左右;有效分蘖临界叶龄期之前,超高产群体群体生长率较高产群体大,有效分蘖临界叶龄期至拔节期,超高产群体生长平稳,群体生长率较高产群体小,拔节以后,群体生长率极显著高于高产群体。【结论】超高产群体起点质量高,栽后分蘖早生快发,群体生长优势明显,特别是生育中后期光合生产能力强,物质积累多。超高产栽培水稻适宜产量构成应以足量穗数与较大穗型协调产出足够的群体颖花量,同时保持较高的结实率和千粒重。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of super-high yield structure and population formation of the Yongyou series of indica-japonica hybrid rice under late rice growth season in double cropping rice field, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the super high yielding cultivation of japonica-japonica hybrid rice with double cropping late rice. 【Method】 The rice varieties Yongyou 538, Yongyou 2640, Yongyou 1538 and Yongyou 1540 were used as experimental materials to develop the super high yielding (≥10.50 t · hm-2) And high-yield (9.75 t · hm-2 ≤ yield <10.50 t · hm-2) populations were studied in terms of yield and structure, tiller dynamics, leaf area dynamics and composition, photosynthetic potential, dry matter accumulation, population growth rate System comparative research. 【Result】 Compared with the high-yielding population, the super-high-yielding population showed significant characteristics of spike number, large panicle size and large spikelet population (50 000 × 104 spikelet / hm2), but the seed setting rate and 1000- The tillering age of tillers at the tillering stage reached the optimum number of spikes, and the number of spikelets appeared at the jointing stage with a small number of spikelets (> 75%). Afterwards, the population declined gently until The number of heading stages reached the appropriate number of spikes. The population growth rate of leaf area index in the early stage was relatively slow, the maximum appeared at the booting stage, about 8.1, and then decreased slowly. The leaf area index at heading, effective leaf area, high leaf area, Leaf area index at maturity remained above 3.5. The photosynthetic potential of the population was small at the early growth stage and larger at the late-mid-stage, and the total photosynthetic potential was above 580 × 104m2 · d · hm-2. The heading stage The photosynthetic potential at mature stage accounted for more than 50.0% of the total photosynthetic potential. The dry matter accumulation rate of population before jointing was relatively slow, and the dry matter accumulation rate after jointing was fast, and the population biomass at heading stage was 10.0 t · hm-2 After heading, the accumulated amount was also high, and the dry weight reached 19.0 t · hm at maturity -2. Before the critical tillering stage of effective tillering, the population growth rate of super high-yielding population was higher, the productive population was larger, the effective leaf tillering stage to jointing stage, the growth of super-high-yielding population was stable, the population growth rate was higher, Population growth rate was significantly higher than the high-yielding population. 【Conclusion】 The starting point of super-high-yielding population is high quality, quicker early-onset tillering after transplanting, obvious advantages for population growth, especially in mid-late growth stage with strong photosynthetic production capacity and more material accumulation. The optimum yield of super-high-yielding cultivated rice should coordinate enough spikes with large panicles to produce enough population spikelets, while maintaining high seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.