目的　联合应用胸水细胞学、经皮针刺胸膜活检、胸水染色体检查对恶性胸腔积液诊断价值的探讨。方法　对 82例诊断恶性胸腔积液的病人 ,行胸腔穿刺术时同时行经皮针刺胸膜活检、胸水细胞学及染色体检查。结果　胸膜活检、胸水染色体、胸水细胞学检查阳性率各为 5 4 .9%、 82 .9%、 4 8.8% ;增加送检次数可一定程度提高诊断的阳性率 ;三种方法联合应用阳性率可达 90 .2 %。结论　三种检查方法联合应用能明显提高恶性胸腔积液的诊断率 Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of combined pleural fluid cytology, percutaneous needle pleural biopsy and pleural fluid chromosomal examination in malignant pleural effusion. Methods 82 cases of malignant pleural effusion in patients underwent thoracentesis simultaneously with percutaneous needle pleural biopsy, pleural fluid cytology and chromosome examination. Results The positive rates of pleural biopsy, chromosomal pleural fluid and pleural fluid cytology were 54.9%, 82.9% and 48.8% respectively. Increasing the number of tests could increase the positive rate of diagnosis. The positive rates of three methods combined with positive rate Up to 90.2%. Conclusion The combination of three methods can significantly improve the diagnostic rate of malignant pleural effusion