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对UNESCO分别在1989、2001和2015年通过的三个职业教育政策文件的比较分析发现,国际职业教育发展呈现如下趋势:在概念上从技术和职业教育发展到更广泛的职业技术教育与培训,在目标上从社会和个人并重拓展到全面的可持续发展导向,在政策和管理上走向与经济、社会、就业等更广泛政策的协同一体及多元利益相关者的共同治理,关键技能培养、工作本位学习和传统学徒制成为教学改革的重要趋势,体系的融通性、终身性、公平性是国际职业教育发展追求的永恒目标。从UNESCO政策的视野出发,我国职业教育政策在发展定位和形式上相对狭窄,但在发展策略上呈现出与国际社会一致的特征。未来发展中,我国应从更加广泛的视野出发,发展与经济、社会、劳动力市场政策相协调的、可持续发展导向的、创新性、综合性职业教育发展战略,建立包容、开放、融通、终身化的职业教育体系,努力追求质量的提升及跨学科的研究。
A comparative analysis of the three VET documents approved by UNESCO in 1989, 2001 and 2015, respectively, shows that the development of VET presents the following trends: the conceptual development of technical and vocational education to broader vocational and technical education and training, From the perspective of both social and personal development to a comprehensive sustainable development orientation, we aim to achieve synergy of policies and management with broader policies such as economic, social and employment co-governance among multiple stakeholders and key skills development and work. This study of learning and traditional apprenticeship has become an important trend in teaching reform. The system’s flexibility, lifelongness and fairness are the eternal goals pursued by the development of international vocational education. From the perspective of UNESCO policy, the policy of vocational education in our country is relatively narrow in its orientation and form of development, but its development strategy shows the same characteristics as the international community. In the future development, our country should develop the strategy of sustainable development-oriented, innovative and comprehensive vocational education that is coordinated with the economic, social and labor market policies from a broader perspective and establish an inclusive, open, inclusive and life-long Vocational education system, and strive to enhance the quality and interdisciplinary research.