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目的:探讨影响农村女性孕产期保健的社会因素。方法:采用定性研究的方法,根据目的抽样原则抽取孕产期保健服务提供者、利用者以及地方级别的关键知情人士进行焦点小组访谈、个人深入访谈和关键人物访谈。结果:家庭经济贫困的女性相对经济好的女性更不容易利用保健服务;新型农村合作医疗可以吸引女性到医院分娩,提高住院分娩率,降低母婴死亡率;交通对孕产妇利用保健服务有很大的影响;计划生育政策是计划外生育女性利用孕产期服务最主要的障碍;流动女性对孕产期保健服务的利用率低;当地农村仍奉行一些关于生孩子的传统习俗。结论:建议政府制定相关政策,限制日益增长的医疗费用;加强对流动人口和计划外生育女性的管理;对农村女性进行孕产期健康教育;扩大新型农村合作医疗的覆盖范围。
Objective: To explore the social factors affecting the maternal health care in rural areas. Methods: According to the principle of objective sampling, the focus group interview, individual in-depth interviews and key interpersonal interviews were conducted by using qualitative research methods and taking the maternal health service providers, users and key informants at the local level. Results: Females with poor family economy are less likely to take advantage of health care services than females with relatively good financial status. The new rural cooperative medical service can attract women to the hospital for delivery, increase hospital delivery rate and reduce maternal and infant mortality rate. The impact of family planning policy is the most important obstacle to the utilization of maternity services by unplanned women; the utilization of maternal health services by migrant women is low; and some traditional practices of childbirth are still practiced in rural areas. Conclusion: It is recommended that the government formulate relevant policies to limit the growing medical costs; strengthen the management of floating population and unplanned women; educate rural women during pregnancy and childbirth; and expand the coverage of new-type rural cooperative medical care.