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鼎湖当日弃人间,破敌收京下玉关。恸哭六军俱缟素,冲冠一怒为红颜。红颜流落非吾恋,逆贼天亡自荒宴。电扫黄巾定黑山,哭罢君亲再相见。——吴伟业《圆圆曲》选[1]明崇祯十六年,岁在甲申,闯王李自成攻破北京,崇祯帝朱由检自缢煤山,死前曰:“诸臣误朕。”明亡。自此,李闯、满清与南明,三家逐鹿,王战中原。尽管此后的战乱依旧延续,但明王朝作为一个对于中国具有实质性统治的王朝,1644年是其终点。其后的历史,在一般叙述中,将作为一个新王朝的开国序幕。
Dinghu abandoned the same day, break the enemy closed down under the Jade. Wailing Junjun Jia Su, rushing crown angry as the roots. Narcissism romance, thieves fall from the feast. Electronic Sweeping Yellow Tanson Montenegro, crying, monarch again see each other. --Wuweiye “Round Music” election [1] Ming Chongzhen sixteen years old, in the age of A, Chuang Li Zicheng to break through Beijing, Chongzhen Zhu by the seizure of coal hill, said before death: “all mistakes. ”Death. Since then, Li Chuang, Manchu and South Ming, three competing deer, Wang Zhan Central Plains. Although the ensuing war continued, the Ming dynasty, as a dynasty with substantive dominance over China, ended in 1644. Subsequent history, in the general narrative, will serve as a prelude to the founding of a new dynasty.