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黏蛋白是一组高分子量(>200kD)的糖蛋白。Loomes等的实验研究表明,胃肠道黏蛋白形成的特异性黏液层起着保护胃肠道上皮的作用,其中糖基化的黏蛋白能保护邻近灵敏蛋白。高分子糖基化的拓扑黏蛋白对维持黏液特有的黏胶性起着非常重要的作用。在生理条件下,黏蛋白显示了组织特异性表达,MUC1、MUC2、MUC3、MUC4、MUC5AC和MUC6是胃肠道主要的黏蛋白,其中MUC2、MUC3和MUCA在肠道中占优势,而MUC1、MUC5AC和MUC6在胃中占主导地位,若出现异常表达就表现出病理生理上的改变,这包括组织中的黏蛋白不表达和表达的减少。黏蛋白表达的改变常常与炎症性、溃疡性和肿瘤性疾病相关。致炎细胞因子和黏液层的缺失均参与了胃肠道的炎性和溃疡性疾病的发病。
Mucin is a group of high molecular weight (> 200kD) glycoproteins. Experimental studies by Loomes et al. Have shown that specific mucus layers of gastrointestinal mucin function to protect the gastrointestinal epithelium, where glycosylated mucins protect neighboring sensitive proteins. Topical mucopolysaccharides play a very important role in the maintenance of mucus-specific mucilage. Mucin shows tissue-specific expression under physiological conditions. MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5AC and MUC6 are the main mucosal proteins in the gastrointestinal tract. Among them, MUC2, MUC3 and MUCA predominate in the gut, while MUC1, MUC5AC And MUC6 predominate in the stomach, showing pathophysiological changes in the presence of aberrant expression, including non-expression of mucin and diminished expression in tissues. Changes in mucin expression are often associated with inflammatory, ulcerative, and neoplastic diseases. Inflammatory cytokines and mucus layer are involved in the loss of the gastrointestinal inflammatory and ulcerative disease.