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目的了解围绝经期女性不同膳食结构情况对人体成分的影响。方法回顾性分析2013年11月-2014年10月到该院妇女保健科门诊就诊的623名围绝经期女性饮食调查记录,重点分析其中高能量摄入组(A组,n=98)、正常能量单纯高碳水化合物比例摄入组(B组,n=133)、正常能量单纯高脂肪比例摄入组(C组,n=108)、正常能量单纯高蛋白比例摄入组(D组,n=35)、正常能量正常比例摄入组(E组,n=195)、低能量摄入组(F组,n=54)6组女性人体成分检测资料,比较6组之间检测指标情况,并进行适当分析。结果 A、B、C组女性体脂肪率、内脏脂肪/身高测定结果均较E组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);D、F组与E组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A、B、C 3组间体脂肪率、内脏脂肪超标率较E组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);F组体脂肪率、内脏脂肪超标率较E组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);D组与E组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A、B、C、F组女性肌肉含量/身高、水分含量/身高均较E组明显低下,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。D组无机盐/身高较E组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高能量、高脂肪、高碳水化合物摄入均有可能引起体内脂肪蓄积、肌肉减少,不利于心脑血管及代谢性疾病的预防,尤其是高能量及高碳水化合物摄入更应该引起重视;低能量摄入不利于肌肉量维持;高蛋白摄入不利于矿物质维持;正常且合理比例的能量摄入最有利于维持标准的人体成分。
Objective To understand the effects of different dietary conditions on human body composition in perimenopausal women. Methods A retrospective analysis of 623 perimenopausal women diet check-ups from November 2013 to October 2014 in the women’s health department outpatient clinic was conducted. The high-energy intake group (group A, n = 98) and normal (B group, n = 133), normal high energy fat intake group (group C, n = 108), normal high energy protein intake group (group D, n = 35), the normal energy normal intake group (group E, n = 195), the low energy intake group (group F, n = 54) And make the appropriate analysis. Results The results of body fat percentage and visceral fat / height in group A, B and C were significantly higher than those in group E (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between group D and group F and group E P> 0.05). The body fat percentage and visceral fat excess rate in group A, B and C were higher than those in group E (P <0.05). The body fat percentage and visceral fat excess rate in group F were significantly higher than those in group E The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between D group and E group (P> 0.05). The muscle content / body height, water content / height of women in group A, B, C and F were significantly lower than those in group E, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Group D inorganic salt / height lower than the E group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions High energy, high fat and high carbohydrate intake may cause fat accumulation and muscle loss in vivo, which is unfavorable to prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In particular, high energy and high carbohydrate intake should pay more attention. Low energy intake is not conducive to the maintenance of muscle mass; high protein intake is not conducive to the maintenance of minerals; normal and a reasonable proportion of energy intake is most conducive to maintaining the standard body composition.