Objective: To explore the mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Tang (补阳还五汤 Decoction Invigorating Yang for Recuperation) combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation in protecting nerves of cerebral ischemic injury.Methods:Local cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat model was established with modified Zea-Longa threadocclusion method,and MSCs were injected into the caudal vein,and Buyang Huanwu Tang (补阳还五汤) was administrated.Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ki-67 expression in the ischemic side of the brain in the cerebral ischemic-reperfusion rat were detected with immuno-histochemical staining method.Results:VEGF and Ki-67 expressions were significantly up-regulated in the MSCs group and the combination group,with significant differences as compared with the model group and the sham operation group (P<0.05),and with the most strongest effect in the combination group.Conclusion:Buyang Huanwu Tang (补阳还五汤) combined with MSCs transplantation repairs the injured blood vessels and lesion tissues possibly by up-regulation of VEGF and Ki-67 expression.