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伯纳德·威廉斯在《价值的冲突》一文中,从产生根源、基本特征、表现形式等方面阐发了有关“伦理困境”的基本观点,最终得出“伦理困境”不一定是病态,而是人类社会生活中具有客观必然性的普遍现象的结论。威廉斯的伦理困境理论自成体系,但同时又是他的道德运气理论的有机组成部分,从一个侧面体现了他“使道德免于受到运气的影响这一目的必定是一个很令人失望的目的”的核心观点。
Bernard Williams elaborates the basic idea of “ethical dilemma ” from the origins, basic characteristics and forms of expression in the article “The Conflict of Values”, and concludes that “ethical dilemma ” is not necessarily It is morbid, but a conclusion of the universal phenomenon with objective necessity in human social life. Williams’s theory of ethical dilemma as a self-contained system, but at the same time it is an integral part of his theory of moral luck, from one aspect of his “The moral freedom from the luck of this purpose must be a very disappointing The purpose of ”the core point of view.