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目的了解云南省疟疾流行特征。方法采用调查表进行疟疾患者个案调查。结果人群特征:男性、农民、小学文化是风险人群。感染特征:当地感染病例占77.01%,外地感染病例占5.37%,国外感染病例占17.61%。发病特征:间日疟占74.30%,恶性疟占25.70%;轻型病例占97.90%,重型病例占2.10%;初发病例占74.10%,复发病例占25.90%。就医特征:平均就医时间4.15d;首选医院:村卫生所占61.50%。诊断方式:实验室诊断占53.40%,临床诊断占24.20%,药物试治有效占21.50%。行为特征:使用蚊帐率38.20%,有露宿习惯者占14.30%。治疗特征:口服药治疗占69.16%,肌肉注射24.25%;肌肉注射加口服治疗占6.59%,使用正规处方率为64.67%,非正规处方率为35.33%。结论防治措施有很大的改进空间,通过卫生宣教和培训,加强风险人群和有出国打工行为者的管理,提高村民的及时就医和自我防护能力,提高村医的正规治疗率,减少复发,改善抗疟环境,降低发病,控制疟疾。
Objective To understand the malaria epidemic characteristics in Yunnan Province. Methods A questionnaire was used to investigate malaria patients. The results of population characteristics: male, peasant, primary culture is the risk of people. Infection characteristics: 77.01% of local infections, 5.37% of cases of infection in the field, foreign cases of infection accounted for 17.61%. The incidence characteristics: Malaria accounted for 74.30%, P. falciparum accounted for 25.70%; light cases accounted for 97.90%, heavy cases accounted for 2.10%; initial cases accounted for 74.10%, recurrence accounted for 25.90%. Medical characteristics: the average medical time 4.15d; preferred hospital: 61.50% of village health. Diagnostic methods: laboratory diagnosis accounted for 53.40%, clinical diagnosis accounted for 24.20%, drug test effective accounted for 21.50%. Behavior characteristics: the use of mosquito net rate of 38.20%, there are habitual accommodation 14.30%. Treatment characteristics: oral medication accounted for 69.16%, intramuscular injection of 24.25%; intramuscular plus oral treatment accounted for 6.59%, the use of regular prescription rate was 64.67%, informal prescription rate was 35.33%. Conclusion There is room for improvement in prevention and treatment measures. Health education and training should be strengthened to strengthen the management of people at risk and those who work overseas to improve the ability of villagers to seek timely medical treatment and self-protection, enhance the regular treatment rate of village doctors, reduce recurrence and improvement Anti-malarial environment, reduce morbidity, control malaria.