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目的了解北京市昌平区6家设有产房的医院新生儿卡介苗接种现状,分析原因,以期通过采取有效措施提高卡介苗接种率。方法统计分析北京市昌平区6家设有产房的医院2009-2013年出生的活产新生儿卡介苗接种情况及其2012年未接种卡介苗的原因。结果 6家医院卡介苗平均接种率为83.50%,不同年份的平均接种率介于80.87%~87.19%之间。接种率在最高和最低年份差异有统计学意义(χ~2=2 888.61,P<0.01)。不同医院卡介苗平均接种率介于61.14%~98.94%之间,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=239.54,P<0.01)。未接种卡介苗的主要原因是新生儿黄疸(32.76%)、早产(22.55%)和心脏疾患(22.06%)。结论北京市昌平区6家医院的卡介苗接种率在不同年份和不同医院间存在显著差异,其中未接种的主要原因是新生儿有潜在的接种禁忌症。因此需加强对临床医生及接种人员相关知识的培训,准确掌握禁忌症,以有效提高新生儿卡介苗接种率。
Objective To understand the status of neonatal BCG inoculation in 6 hospitals with delivery room in Changping District, Beijing, and to analyze the reasons for this. The purpose is to improve the BCG vaccination rate through effective measures. Methods Statistical analysis was conducted on the live-born neonatal BCG vaccination in 6 hospitals with delivery rooms in Changping District of Beijing in 2009-2013 and the reasons for their 2012 non-vaccinated BCG vaccination. Results The average inoculation rate of BCG in the six hospitals was 83.50%, and the average inoculation rates in different years ranged from 80.87% to 87.19%. Inoculation rate in the highest and lowest year difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 2 888.61, P <0.01). The average BCG vaccination rates in different hospitals ranged from 61.14% to 98.94%, with significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 239.54, P <0.01). The main reasons for BCG vaccination were neonatal jaundice (32.76%), premature birth (22.55%) and heart disease (22.06%). Conclusion The BCG vaccination rates in 6 hospitals in Changping District of Beijing are significantly different in different years and different hospitals. The main reason for non-vaccination is neonatal contraindications of potential vaccination. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the training of clinicians and vaccinators and to accurately understand the contraindications so as to effectively improve the neonatal BCG vaccination rate.