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克罗齐(Benedetto Croce,1866-1952),意大利著名哲学家、历史学家和美学家。作为20世纪最有影响的美学理论家之一,克罗齐及其美学思想的追随者们所建构的表现主义,从20世纪初直到二次大战前夕始终都是引领潮流的重要流派。克罗齐的主要美学著作有:《文学批评及其在意大利的条件》(1895)、《作为表现的科学和一般语言学的美学》(1902)、《美学纲要》(1912)、《美学精华》(1929)和《诗论》(1936)。它们分别是克罗齐美学思想方面不同时期的代表作。 在克罗齐一系列美学著作中,贯穿着这样一个纲领性的论点:“直觉即表现亦即艺术。”他的基本美学思想可以用以下五个肯定句式进行高度概括:一、直觉就是抒情的表现;二,直觉就是艺术;三,创造同时也是欣赏;四,美就是成功的表现;五,语言就是艺术(语言学就是美学)。“直觉即表现亦即艺术”定义所包含的否定方面也有五个:一,艺术不是物理的事实;二,艺术不是功利的活动;三,艺术不是道德活动;四,艺术不是概念或逻辑的活动;五,艺术是不可分类的整体。 克罗齐发展了维科的想像思维说和托尔斯泰的情感论思想,他把艺术从人类实践、社会生活和理性思维等与之密切关联的事物中孤立出来,并把艺术定位在最纯粹的“直觉”层面。他认为,直觉作为“心灵的综合作用”既表现了情感,?
Benedetto Croce (1866-1952), a famous Italian philosopher, historian and esthetician. As one of the most influential aesthetical theorists in the 20th century, the expressionism built by Croce and his followers of aesthetical thinking has always been an important trend-setting genre since the early 20th century until the eve of World War II. The main aesthetics of Croce’s works are: “Literary Criticism and Its Conditions in Italy” (1895), “Aesthetic Science and General Linguistics” (1902), “Outline of Aesthetics” (1912), “Essence of Aesthetics (1929) and Poetry (1936). They are representative of Croce’s aesthetic thought at different periods. In Croce’s series of aesthetical works, there is such a programmatic argument as follows: ”Intuition is performance, that is, art.“ His basic aesthetics can be highly summarized in the following five affirmative sentences: First, intuition is lyrical Second, intuition is art; Third, creation is also appreciated; Fourth, the United States is the performance of success; Fifth, the language is art (linguistics is the aesthetics). There are also five aspects of negation included in the definition of ”intuition ie performance art“: first, art is not a physical fact; second, art is not a utilitarian activity; third, art is not a moral activity; fourth, art is not a conceptual or logical activity Five, art is not classified as a whole. Croce developed Vico’s imaginative thinking and Tolstoy’s sentiment theory. He isolated the art from the closely related things of human practice, social life and rational thinking, and put the art in the most Pure ”intuition“ level. He believes that intuition as an ”integrated role of the soul," both show the emotion?