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专性的昆虫包囊病毒ascoviruses包含一个大小为119-186kbp的环状DNA基因组。因包囊病毒感染昆虫无明显的可辨别症状,它们最近才被发现。广谱性化学农药的广泛应用降低了寄生蜂的自然种群,导致在野外依靠寄生蜂传播的包囊病毒在自然环境中尤为罕见。包囊病毒最初于20世纪80年代末在美国东南部和西部沿岸从夜蛾幼虫体内被发现。然而,在20世纪70年代,类包囊病毒颗粒ascovirus-like particles已被报道于火蚁(膜翅目)和苜蓿叶象甲(鞘翅目)体内;此外,在法国南部的美双缘姬蜂Diadromus pulchellus幼虫体内亦发现包囊病毒。这些数据表明,包囊病毒可能存在于鳞翅目,膜翅目和鞘翅目等不同目的昆虫体内;同时包囊病毒已报道于澳大利亚、印度尼西亚、法国、美国等国家,表明其分布是全球性的。有趣的是,在中国、印度、非洲等广大区域内没有包囊病毒记载。为确认其世界性的地理分布、与昆虫的协同进化,以及明确其在农业和自然环境中的生态意义,需要进一步努力从中国、印度、非洲大陆等国家和地区发现更多的包囊病毒。
The obligate insect cyst virus ascoviruses contains a circular DNA genome of 119-186 kbp in size. Because of the absence of significant discernible symptoms of encapsulated virus-infected insects, they were only recently discovered. The widespread use of broad-spectrum chemical pesticides has reduced the natural population of parasitic wasps and has led to the rare occurrence of cyst viruses that rely on parasitic wasp propagation in the wild in the natural environment. Cystic bugs were first discovered in the late moth larvae in the southeastern and western coasts of the United States in the late 1980s. However, in the 1970s, ascovirus-like particles of the enveloped virus have been reported in fire ants (Hymenoptera) and cloverleaf (Coleoptera); in addition, Diadromus pulchellus Larvae also found cystic virus in the body. These data indicate that the enveloped viruses may exist in Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera and other target insects; at the same time enveloped virus has been reported in Australia, Indonesia, France, the United States and other countries, indicating that its distribution is global . Interestingly, there are no documented cases of virus in the vast regions of China, India, Africa and so on. In order to confirm its worldwide geographical distribution, its co-evolution with insects and its ecological significance in agriculture and the natural environment, further efforts are needed to find more cysts in countries and regions such as China, India and the African continent.