任何时代,疾病与健康都是一个永恒的问题。而在传染病肆虐的时代,疾病对历史变迁所产生的影响尤为显著。在西方,疾病史是史学界非常重要的领域,在中国,随着社会环境的变化,疾病史也越来越受到重视。传染病足可亡国熟悉欧洲史的人大概会发现这样一个巧合:中世纪那段历史刚好开始和结束于欧洲历史上仅有的两次鼠疫大流行。不管是被称作“查士丁尼鼠疫”的第一次鼠疫大流行还是被称作“黑死病”的第二次鼠疫大流行, In any age, disease and health are all eternal problems. In the era of epidemic of infectious diseases, the impact of disease on historical changes is particularly significant. In the west, disease history is a very important field in history. In China, the history of diseases is getting more and more attention with the changes of social environment. People who know enough of Europe to know the history of infectious diseases may find such a coincidence that the Middle Ages had just begun and ended its history as the only two outbreaks in the history of Europe. Whether it is the first outbreak of the plague known as the “Justinian Plague,” or the second plague, also known as "Black Death,