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无论是在西方还是在中国,田野考古都被认为是近代考古学的基础。这是由于田野考古学试图在遗址中把握古代实物遗存的时间、空间及相互间的关联,从而使考古遗存成为科学考古的资料。近代田野考古的理论基础脱胎于地质学的地层学,此后又考虑人类活动产生的堆积特性,进而出现考古地层学,并在逐渐完善发掘操作方法和测量、绘图、记录方法的基础上,保证了实物遗存成为考古资料的最重要的指征——层位、位置和共存关系能够被确切地提取出来~①,从而形成整套的近代田野考古学的完整体系。
Whether in the West or in China, field archeology is considered to be the basis of modern archeology. This is because field archeology attempts to grasp the time, space and interrelationships of the ancient relics in ancient ruins so that archeological relics can be used as materials for scientific archeology. The theoretical basis of modern field archeology was born out of the stratigraphy of geology and later on considering the accumulation characteristics of human activities and archeological stratigraphy, and on the basis of gradual improvement of methods of excavation, surveying, mapping and recording methods The remains of archeology as the most important indication of archeological data - the horizon, location and coexistence can be accurately extracted ~ ①, thus forming a complete set of modern field archeology complete system.