目的 分析海军某大型水面舰艇舰员心率变异性(HRV)变化。方法 对263名正在执行海上任务的舰员行24小时动态心电图监测（其中50名舰员任务前和任务中均行动态心电图监测），离线分析其HRV时域、频域指标，比较不同部门舰员HRV指标的差异，任务前、任务中的HRV变化，并分析舰员舰上工作时间与HRV的相关性。结果 舰员任务中的HRV指标RMSSD、PNN50、HF较任务前降低（P<0.05）；航空、机电、舰务、武器安全部门的部分HRV指标较医务、政工部门降低（P<0.05，P<0.01）；舰务部门的三角指数较武器安全部门降低（P<0.05），机电部门的RMSSD、PNN50、三角指数、HF较武器部门降低（P<0.05）；舰员的舰上工作时间与HRV的SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50、HF、LF均呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论 水面舰艇工作环境能够降低舰员的HRV，损害自主神经功能；不同部门的自主神经功能受损程度具有差异性。 Objective To analyze the changes of heart rate variability (HRV) in a large naval vessel. Methods A total of 263 crew members undergoing maritime mission were monitored by 24-hour Holter monitoring (50 of them were monitored by dynamic ECG before and during their mission). Their HRV time-domain and frequency-domain indicators were analyzed offline to compare different department ships HRV indicators differences, before the task, the task of HRV changes, and analysis of the ship-time correlation with HRV. Results The HRV indicators RMSSD, PNN50 and HF of the crew task decreased compared with the pre-mission (P & lt; 0.05); some HRV indicators of aviation, electromechanical, naval and weapon security departments were lower than that of the medical and political departments (P & lt; 0.05, P & lt; (P <0.05). The RMSSD, PNN50, Trigonometric Index and HF of the mechanical and electrical departments were lower than those of the weapons department (P <0.05). The ship’s working time on board was significantly lower than that of the HRV SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD, PNN50, HF and LF were negatively correlated (P & lt; 0.05). Conclusion The working conditions of surface ships can reduce the crew’s HRV and impair the function of autonomic nervous system. The degree of impairment of autonomic nervous system in different departments is different.