目的了解垫江县1~29岁人群乙肝病毒(HBV)感染情况,评价疫苗接种效果。方法用分层多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取裴兴、太平两个乡镇377名1~29岁人群进行乙肝血清流行病学调查。用ELISA法检测HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc,同时调查乙肝疫苗接种情况。结果垫江县1~29岁人群乙肝疫苗全程接种率为60.7%,年龄越大、接种率越低;血清HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc阳性率分别为2.4%、48.5%和5.8%;HBV感染率为18.8%;1~4岁组的HBsAg阳性率和HBV感染率低于5~14岁组,明显低于15~29岁组,年龄越大,感染率越高。结论乙肝疫苗纳入儿童免疫策略对预防乙肝效果显著,及时、规范接种乙肝疫苗是降低HBV流行的关键措施。 Objective To investigate the status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Dianjiang County from January to 29 years old and to evaluate the vaccination effect. Methods A stratified multistage random sampling method was used to select 377 patients aged from 1 to 29 in two townships of Peixing and Taiping for serological investigation of hepatitis B virus. HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were detected by ELISA, and hepatitis B vaccination was also investigated. Results The whole vaccination rate of Hepatitis B vaccine was 60.7% between 1 ~ 29 years old in Dianjiang County. The higher the age, the lower the vaccination rate. The positive rates of serum HBsAg, anti - HBs and anti - HBc were 2.4%, 48.5% and 5.8% respectively. The HBV infection rate was 18.8%. The HBsAg positive rate and HBV infection rate in 1 to 4 years old group was lower than that in 5 ~ 14 years old group, which was significantly lower than that in 15 ~ 29 years old group. The higher the age, the higher the infection rate. Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccine into children immunization strategy for the prevention of hepatitis B significant effect, timely and standardized hepatitis B vaccine is to reduce the prevalence of HBV key measures.