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目的研究准噶尔盆地鼠疫自然疫源地主要宿主大沙鼠体外寄生蚤的主体成分簇鬃客蚤对宿主的侵袭能力。方法观察簇鬃客蚤的吸血能力、跳跃能力和对人的侵袭能力。结果不同时间段簇鬃客蚤雌雄间饱血比率无统计学差异(χ2=0.578,P>0.05),簇鬃客蚤60 min饱血比率可达50%以上,120 min可全部饱血,簇鬃客蚤雌性吸血量为(0.05±0.02)μl,不同时间段簇鬃客蚤雌雄间血液完全消化的比率有统计学差异(χ2=5.190,P<0.05),雄性血液消化速率较雌性快,雄性第12 h、雌性第13 h完成血液消化,第11 h有约50%的蚤完成血液消化,簇鬃客蚤吸血过程中的吸血活动频次为(1.6±0.3)次/h;簇鬃客蚤最大跳跃高度为9 cm,最小跳跃高度为3.5 cm;簇鬃客蚤对人类的侵袭率为30%,雌、雄间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.159,P>0.05)。结论簇鬃客蚤饥饿状态下会侵袭人类,且其吸血量较高、消化时间较快、吸血频次较高,加之其具备较高的跳跃能力,因此准噶尔盆地鼠疫自然疫源地内感染鼠疫菌的簇鬃客蚤对人类具有相当大的威胁,应当加强该疫区媒介昆虫的常规监测。
Objective To study the invasion of host flea fleas on the host parasitoid fleas in the natural host of the plague of the Junggar Basin. Methods To observe the blood-sucking ability, jumping ability and invasion ability of flea fleas. Results There was no significant difference in the percentage of satiety between male and female in different periods of time (χ2 = 0.578, P> 0.05). The percentage of full blood of 60 days was more than 50% The female sucking blood volume of mane flea was (0.05 ± 0.02) μl, and there was a significant difference (P <0.05) in the complete digestion rate of males and females. The rate of digestion in males was faster than that in females, Blood was digested at 13 hrs in males and 13 hrs in females, and blood was digested by about 50% of the fleas at 11 h. The frequency of sucking blood was (1.6 ± 0.3) The maximum jumping height of fleas was 9 cm and the minimum jumping height was 3.5 cm. The invasion rate of flea fleece was 30%. There was no significant difference between female and male (χ2 = 0.159, P> 0.05). Conclusion The cluster flea flea fleas hunger will invade human beings, and its high blood absorption, digestion faster, higher blood-sucking frequency, combined with its high ability to jump, so that the natural epidemic of the plague in Junggar Basin infected with Yersinia pestis Cluster flea fleas on humans have a considerable threat, the epidemic area should strengthen the routine monitoring of vector insects.