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作物残茬量太大会对小麦产量有负效应 ,因而那些有效控制土壤侵蚀的保持耕作措施运用较慢。本研究旨在测定高留茬和施肥对免耕小麦产量的效应。取自 1984～ 1988年生长在同一块地的冬、春小麦资料 ,土壤为粉壤 ,缺 N、P和 S,一年一作。残茬设全部烧掉与高留茬对照 ;肥料处理为无肥区、低肥区 (N- P- S=56 - 6 - 9)、中肥区 (112 - 11- 18)和高肥区 (16 8- 17- 2 7) ,条施于 5cm种区下。收获时测定籽粒产量、秸秆产量、籽粒蛋白、穗数、穗粒数和粒重。与全部残茬烧掉的处理相比 ,高留茬处理使冬小麦减产 13% ,秸秆减产 15% ;使春小麦产量和秸秆产量减少 5%以下。肥料使各年的籽粒产量和秸秆产量增加 ,且冬麦效应大于春麦。平均产量看 ,无、低、中和高肥区的冬小麦产量分别为 1.12、3.0 2、4 .75和 5.0 8t/ hm2 ,春小麦产量分别为 1.17、2 .6 4、3.18和 3.2 0 t/ hm2 。增加施肥量提高了穗数 ,对穗子大小有不同的效应 ,粒重一般没有提高。高留茬小麦减产大多由于穗数低 ,增加的穗子体积与粒重难以补偿所致。产量和籽粒蛋白反应不存在肥力×残茬互作 ,但粒数和粒重间则有互作存在。由此认为 ,免耕覆盖小麦减产并不是营养不适当的原因所致。
Too much crop residue will have a negative effect on wheat yield, so conservation measures that control soil erosion more slowly. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of high stubble and fertilization on no-tillage wheat yield. From winter to spring wheat growing in the same field from 1984 to 1988, the soil is of the soil type, lacking N, P and S, and working year after year. The residue was completely burned and compared with the high-stubble stubble. The treatment of fertilizer was no-fat zone, low-fat zone (N-P- S = 56-6-9) (16 8- 17- 27), the strip applied to 5cm area under. At harvest, grain yield, straw yield, grain protein, panicles, grains per spike and grain weight were determined. Compared with the treatment of all the residues burned, the high stubble treatment reduced winter wheat by 13% and straw by 15%, and decreased spring wheat yield and straw yield by less than 5%. Fertilizer increased the grain yield and straw yield in each year, and the winter wheat effect was greater than that of spring wheat. According to the average yield, the winter wheat yields were 1.12, 3.0 2,4 .75 and 5.0 8 t / hm2 in the no, low, middle and high fertilization areas respectively. The spring wheat yields were 1.17, 2.64, 3.18 and 3.2 0 t / hm2, respectively . Increasing the amount of fertilizer to increase the number of spikes, have different effects on the size of ears, grain weight generally did not increase. High yield stubble wheat yield mostly due to low spike number, increased ear volume and grain weight is difficult to compensate due. Yield and grain protein reaction does not exist fertility × stubble interaction, but the grain number and grain weight there is interaction between. In view of this, it is not the reason for inappropriate nutrition to reduce the yield of no-till wheat.