芳贺矢一是近代日本“国文学”研究的重要开拓者,其代表作之一《国民性十论》,是在日本近代以来漫长丰富的国民性讨论史中占有重要地位的一本书,于明治四十年由当时的日本出版业重镇——东京富山房出版发行,产生了巨大的社会影响。《国民性十论》立足于国民教育立场,面向普通日本人讲述本国国民性之来龙去脉,是从文化史的观点出发,以丰富的文献为根据而展开的综合国民性论。具有明显的从积极的肯定的方面对日本国民性加以“塑造性”叙述的倾向,就内容涉及面之广和文献引用数量之多而言,堪称前所未有的国民性论和一次关于日本人自我塑造的成功尝试。《国民性十论》是周作人关于日本文学史、文化史、民俗史乃至国民性的重要入门书之一,他对日本文学研究、论述和翻译多有该书留下的指南痕迹。鲁迅对《国民性十论》的参考,主要体现在由芳贺矢一对日本国民性的阐释而关注中国国民性,尤其对中国历史上“吃人”事实的注意,促成了《狂人日记》“吃人”主题意象的生成。研究此书与周氏兄弟的关系,不仅有助于解读周氏兄弟的知识结构及《狂人日记》的生成机制,亦有助于将近现代文学的研究视野从狭隘的“一国史观”拓展到整个近代跨国界的处在不断流动、转换、生成状态的广阔的“知层”。 Kazuhiro Haga is an important pioneer in the study of modern Chinese literature and literature. One of his masterpieces, Ten Studies of National Character, is a book that occupies an important position in the long and rich history of discussion of nationalism in Japan. In the 40th year of the Meiji period, it was published by the then Japanese publishing publishing industry town of Toyama, Tokyo, and had a huge social impact. Based on the standpoint of national education, “National Theory Ten Theory” is an integrated national character theory that starts from the point of view of cultural history and enriches the literature based on the common origins of the ordinary Japanese people about their national character. Has a clear propensity to “shape” Japanese nationality in terms of positive affirmations. In terms of its wide range of contents and the large number of citations, it is an unprecedented national theory and a case of Japan Self-shaping success attempt. “National Ten Theory” is one of Zhou Zuoren’s important introductory books on the history of Japanese literature, cultural history, folk customs and even national character. He often traces the guide to the study, discussion and translation of Japanese literature. The reference of Lu Xun to the “ten theories of national character” is mainly reflected in the fact that Fagazaki one of Japan’s national character and pay attention to the national character of China, especially the “cannibalism” in Chinese history, contributed to the “madman Diary ”“ eating man ”theme image generation. Studying the relationship between this book and the Zhou brothers not only helps to interpret the knowledge structure of the Zhou brothers and the generation mechanism of The Madman’s Diary but also helps to narrow the study field of modern literature from the narrow “ ”Expanding to a vast“ knowledge base ”of the entire modern cross-border state that is constantly flowing, transforming and generating state.